Firearm construction



Jum 25, 1940. J. L MARCHAND FIREARM CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 30, 1938 Mm 2 a a $2 i m 5 Z M i 0 4 M m K Patented June 25, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FIREARM CONSTRUCTION Application November 30, 1938, Serial No. 243,083

12 Claims.

The invention relates to improvements in firearm constructions and more particularly to means whereby the barrel-unit and the stockunit of a firearm are assembled.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved firearm characterized by a superior degree of accuracy of performance.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a superior firearm construction wherein the eflects of the shock and objectionable vibrations resulting from the discharge of the firearm, are minimized.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a firearm with superior means whereby the deflection or bending of the barrel occasioned by the warpage of the stock, is minimized.

With the above and other objects in view, as will appear to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure, this invention includes all features in the said disclosure which are novel over the prior art.

In the accompanying drawing, in which certain modes of carrying out the present invention are shown for illustrative purposes:

Fig. 1 is a broken view of a firearm embodying the present invention shown partly in side eleva- I tion and partly in vertical central-longitudinal section;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a similar view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a topor plan-view of the forward portion of the stock; and

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the resilient shock-absorbing members.

The particular firearm herein chosen for the purpose of illustrating the present invention comprises, in the main, a stock I0, a barrel II and a 1 receiver l2. The said stock Ill is composed of wood or other suitable material, and the barrel II and the receiver I 2 comprise a barrel-unit which is removable from the stock Ill and which is ordinarily attached to the said stock by means of three (more or less) attaching-screws I3, l4 and i5, as is especially well indicated in Fig. 1.

Throughout substantially the entire length of its front portion, the stock I0 is formed with an upwardly-opening longitudinal groove l6 of substantially semi-circular form in cross-section, and intersected adjacent its rear end by a verticallongitudinal clearance-cut or recess ll. Adjacent each of its respective opposite ends the clearance recess I1 is respectively intersected by vertical channels l8 and I 9 which extend to and intersect the under face of the stock l0.

Spanning the rear channel l8 in the stock I0 is a slotted trigger-plate 20 through which downwardly extends a trigger 2|. Around the said trigger extends the loop-like portion 22 of a trigger-guard plate 23 having a magazine-passage 24 aligned with the chanel IS in the stock It) and providing for the installation and removal of a box-magazine 25 normally removably attached to the receiver l2 as is shown in Fig. 1. The forward end of the trigger-guard plate 23 is held in place by the intermediate attaching-screw l4 and its intermediate portion is held in place by a screw 26 extending also through the forward end of the trigger-plate 20 and into the stock ID. The rearend of the trigger-guard plate 23 as well as the rear end of the trigger-plate 20 are retained in place, as shown, by a screw 21 extending upwardly into the adjacent portion of the stock I 0.

The attaching-screw l3 extends downwardly through the rearwardly-extending lip 28 of the receiver l2 and into threaded engagement with an escutcheon 29 countersunk into the under edge of the stock Ill at a point above the rear portion of the trigger-plate 20, as is clearly shown in Fig. 1.

The intermediate attaching-screw l4 extends upwardly through the forward portion of the trigger-guard plate 23, through the stock I0 thence upwardly through a retaining-plate 30 and into threaded engagement with the forward portion of the receiver l2, as is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The retaining-plate 30 is of L-shaped form and has a downwardly-extending retaining-finger 3| fitting into a socket 32 formed in the stock Ill and intersecting the concave upper face of the groove l6 therein. The said retaining-finger 3| engages with the rear wall of the socket 32 so as to retain the barrel-unit, comprising the barrel II and the receiver l2, against rearward displacement with respect to the stock under the shock of recoil.

The front attaching-screw I 5 extends upwardly through an escutcheon 33 countersunk into the under face of the forward portion of the stock I0, thence upwardly through the said stock and into threaded engagement with a barrel-lug 34 rigidly connected to and depending from the adjacent portion of the barrel H. The said barrel-lug 34 fits into an upwardly-opening socket 35 formed in the stock l0 and intersecting the concave upper face of the groove l6 therein to thereby also serve to guard against the rearward displacement of.the barrel II and receiver l2 with respect to discharge of the firearm.

slightly forwardly of the barrel-lug 34, the stock to is formed respectively on each of the opposite sides of its vertical-longitudinal center with one of two corresponding shallow pockets 36-38. The two pockets 36--36 open upwardly into the groove I6 in the stock In and are of cylindrical form. In the instance shown, the two pockets 36-36 are positioned about 90 apart and hence substantially 45 on either side of the vertical-longitudinal center of the stock l0.

Positioned in the pockets 3636 respectively, are shock-absorbing members or pads 31-31 formed of resilient material such for instance as rubber and preferably formed.- of synthetic rubber such as neoprene for the reason that such synthetic rubber possesses high heat resistance as well as superior resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures.

At a'point adjacent the rear end of the barrel II and slightly forwardly of the forward end ofthe receiver l2, the stock I0 is formed in its longitudinal groove IS with relatively-shallow upwardly-opening pockets 38-48, respectively located on the opposite sides of the vertical-longitudinal center of the said stock in a manner similar to the described arrangement of the pockets 3636. Each of the pockets 3838 receives a shock-absorbing member or pad 39 preferably corresponding to the shock-absorbing members 3|3'|, before described.

Located centrally beneath the lip 28 of the receiver "and at a point slightly to the rear of the attaching-screw l3, the stock I0 is formed in the rear-portion of its longitudinal-groove IS with a shalow cylindrical upwardly-opening pocket 40 in which is cemented a shock-absorbing member or pad 4! of resilient material preferably corresponding to the shock-absorbing pads til-31 and 3939 before described.

When the barrel-unit comprising the barrel l I and the receiver l2 and associated parts is as sembled with the stock l0 so that the rear end of the said receiver rests upon the shock absorbing pad 4| and the barrel is supported on its respective opposite sides by the two pairs of shock-absorbing pads 3'|31 and 39-39, and the attaching-screws l3, l4 and I5 are tensioned to a degree sufficient to place the said pads under tension, the said pads will not only have a marked deadening efiect upon the vibrations set up as a result of the discharge of the firearm, but will also afford an appreciable degree of automatic takeup, so to speak, for such minor warpage as may occur in the stock I 0 as the result of atmospheric changes, thus providing a firearm of superior and lasting accuracy and also relieving the marksman of the disconcerting effects of vibrations.

By locating complemental shock-absorbing pads on each of the respective opposite sides of the vertical-longitudinal center-line of the firearm structure, both vertical and lateral vibrations are effectively damped while still permitting a relatively large degree of adjustment vertically between the barrel H and the stock I0, since under the particular arrangement just referred to, the draft of the attaching-screws l4 and I5 will be in a direction intermediate the nominal planes of the shock-absorbing I pads 3l--3'| and 39-39.

The invention may be carried out in other specific ways than those herein set forth without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention, and the present em- 2,205,857 the stock Hi under the shocks incident to the bodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and

all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.

I claim:

1. A firearm construction including in combination: a barrel; a stock attached to the said barrel and having a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove for seating of the lower portion of the barrel therein; a resilient shock-absorbing member carried in the said barrel-receiving groove and radially interposed between the same and the said lower portion of the barrel for damping the vibrations of the latter with respect to the former when the firearm is discharged; and attachingmeans extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exerting a compressive effect upon the said shock-absorbing member.

2. A firearm construction including in combination: a stock provided in its upper face with a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove; a barrel having the lower portion thereof located in the longitudinal groove of the said stock, and the said stock being also provided with a pocket opening into the said longitudinal groove therein for receiving a shock-absorbing member; a resilient shock-absorbing member carried in the said pocket and projecting into the longitudinal groove in the said stock and radially interposed between the latter and the said lower portion of the barrel for damping the vibrations of the said barrel with respect to the said stock when the firearm is discharged; and attaching-means extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exerting a compressive effect upon the said shock-absorbing member. v

3. A firearm construction including in combination: a barrel; a stock attached to the said barrel and having a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove for seating of the lower portion of the barrel therein; a plurality of longitudinallyspaced-apart resilient shock-absorbing members carried in the said barrel-receiving groove and radially interposed between the same and the said lower portion of the barrel for damping the vibrations of the latter with respect to the former when the firearm is discharged; and attachingmeans extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exerting a simultaneous compressive effect upon the said plurality of spaced-apart resilient shock-absorbing members. 1

4. A firearm construction including in combination: a stock provided in its upper face with a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove; a barrel having the lower portion thereof located in the longitudinal groove of the said stock; the said stock being also provided with a plurality of longitudinally-spaced-apartpockets opening into the said longitudinal groove therein; resilient shockabsorbing members, one carried in each of said longitudinally-spaced-apart pockets and projecting into the longitudinal barrel-receiving groove in the said stock and radially interposed between the latter and the said lower portion of the barrel for damping the vibrations of the said barrel with respect to the said stock-when the,

firearm is discharged; and stock-attaching means extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exciting a compressive effect upon the said plurality of spacedapart resilient shock-absorbing members.

5. A firearm construction including in combination: a barrel; 2. stock attached to the said barrel and having a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove for seating of the lower portion of the barrel therein; a plurality of resilient shockabsorbing members carried in the said barrelreceiving groove and respectively located on the respective opposite sides of the vertical-longitudinal center of the said barrel and the said stock and radially interposed between the same for damping the vibrations of the said barrel with respect to the said stock when the firearm is discharged; and attaching-means extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exerting a simultaneous compressive efiect upon the said shock-absorbing members.

6. A firearm construction including in combination: a stock provided in its upper face with a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove; a barrel having the lower portion thereof located in the longitudinal groove of the said stock; the said stock being also provided with a plurality of pockets respectively located on each of the respective opposite sides of the vertical-longitudinal center of the said stock and opening into the said longitudinal groove therein; a plurality of resilient shock-absorbing members respectively carried in the said pockets and projecting into the longitudinal groove in the latter at each of the respective opposite sides of the vertical-longitudinal center of the barrel and in radially interposed positions between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock for damping the vibrations of the said barrel with respect to the said stock when the firearm is discharged; and attaching-means extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exerting a simultaneous compressive effect upon the said shock-absorbing members.

7. A firearm construction including in combination: a barrel; a stock attached to the said barrel and having a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove for seating of the lower portion of the barrel therein; a pair of resilient shock-absorbing members carried in the said barrel-receiving groove and located in substantial alignment transversely of the firearm and respectively located on each of the respective opposite sides of the vertical-longitudinal center of the said barrel and the said stock, and radially interposed between the same for damping the vibrations of the said barrel with respect to the said stock when the firearm is discharged; and attaching-means extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exerting a simultaneous compressive effect upon the said pair of shock-absorbing members.

8. A firearm construction including in combination: a stock provided in its upper face with a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove; a barrel having the lower portion thereof located in the longitudinal groove of the said stock, the said stock being also provided with a pair of pockets therein arranged in substantial alignment transversely of the stock, the said pockets being respectively located at opposite sides of and opening into the said longitudinal groove in the stock; a pair of resilient shock-absorbing members respectively carried in the said pockets and project ing into the longitudinal barrel-receiving groove in the said stock, the said shock-absorbing members being thereby located in substantial alignment transversely of the firearm, and being respectively located on each of the respective opposite sides of the vertical-longitudinal center of the said barrel and of the longitudinal groove in the said stock, and radially interposed between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock for damping the vibrations of the former with respect to the said stock when the firearm is discharged; and attaching-means extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exerting a simultaneous compressive eifect upon the said pair of shockabsorbing members.

9. A firearm construction including in combination: a stock provided in its upper face with a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove; a barrel having the lower portion thereof located in the longitudinal groove 'of the said stock, the said stock being also provided with a pair of pockets therein arranged in substantial alignment transversely of the stock, the said pockets being respectively located at opposite sides of and opening into the said longitudinal groove in the stock; a pair of resilient shock-absorbing members respectively carried in the said pockets and projecting into the longitudinal barrel-receiving groove in the said stock, the shock-absorbing members being located in substantial alignment transversely of the firearm and respectively located on each of the respective opposite sides of the vertical-longitudinal center of the said barrel and of the longitudinal groove in the said stock, and radially interposed between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock for damping the vibrations of the former with respect to the said stock when the firearm is discharged; and attaching-means extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and located laterally intermediate the said pair of shock-absorbing members to exert a simultaneous compressive efiect upon the latter in a substantially-vertical direction.

10. A firearm construction including in combination: a barrel; a stock attached to the said barrel and having a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove for seating of the lower portion of the barrel therein; a plurality of pairs of resilient shock-absorbing members carried in the said barrel-receiving groove, the said pairs of shockabsorbing members being spaced-apart from each other longitudinally of the firearm and radially interposed between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock for damping the vibrations of the former with respect to the latter when the firearm is discharged, the shockabsorbing members of a given pair thereof being respectively located on the respective opposite sides of the vertical-longitudinal center of the said barrel and the said stock; and attachingmeans extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exerting a compressive effect upon each of the said pair of shock-absorbing members.

11. A firearm construction including in combination: a stock provided in its upper face with a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove; a barrel having the lower portion thereof located in the longitudinal groove of the said stock, the said stock being also provided with pairs of pockets opening into the said longitudinal groove therein, the respective pairs of pockets being located at the respective opposite sides of the said longitudinal groove; aplurality of pairs of resilient shock-absorbing members respectively carried in the said pairs of pockets and projecting into the longitudinal groove in the said stock for engagement with the said lower portion of the barrel to firearm is discharged, the individual shockabsorbing members of a given pair thereof being respectively located on the respective opposite sides of the vertical longitudinal center of the said barrel; and attaching-means extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and 'the said stock and located laterally intermediate the said pair of shock-absorbing members and exerting a compressive effect upon each of the said pair of shock-absorbing members.

12. A firearm construction including in combination: a stock provided in its upper face with a longitudinal barrel-receiving groove; a barrel having the lower portion thereof located in the longitudinal groove of the said stock, the said stock being also provided with pairs of pockets opening into the said longitudinal groove therein,

dampen the vibrations of the latter when'th e the respective pairs of pockets being located at the respective opposite sides oi'the said longitudinal groove; a plurality of pairs of resilient rubber shock-absorbing pads respectively carried in the said pairs of pockets and projecting into the longitudinal groove in the said stock for engagement with the said lower portion of the barrel to dampen the vibrations of the latter when the firearm is discharged, the individual rubber shock-absorbing pads of a given pair thereof being respectively located on the respective opposite sides of the vertical longitudinal center of the said barrel; and attaching-means extending between the said lower portion of the barrel and the said stock and exerting a compressive eilect upon each of the said pairs of rubber shock-absorbing pads.

JOSEPH L. MARCHAND. 

